An antimicrobial peptide
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LL-37 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

Item No. 24461

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
L-leucyl-L-leucylglycyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-lysyl-L-isoleucylglycyl-L-lysyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-lysyl-L-arginyl-L-isoleucyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-arginyl-L-isoleucyl-L-lysyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-L-asparaginyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-threonyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-serine, trifluoroacetate salt
Synonyms
  • CAP-18
  • hCAP-18
  • Cathelicidin
  • FALL-39
Molecular Formula
C205H340N60O53 • XCF3COOH
Formula Weight
4493.3
Purity
≥95%
Formulation (Request formulation change)
A lyophilized powder
Peptide Sequence
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES-OH
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
Water: 1 mg/ml
SMILES
[H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(NCC(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@]([C@H](CC)C)([H])C(NCC(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@]([C@H](CC)C)([H])C(N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@]([C@H](CC)C)([H])C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(N1CCC[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@]([C@@H](C)O)([H])C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)CC2=CC=CC=C2)=O)CC(O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)=O)CC5=CC=CC=C5)=O)CC(O)=O)=O)=O)=O.FC(F)(C(O)=O)F
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C205H340N60O53.C2HF3O2/c1-20-114(16)162(261-179(296)128(66-40-46-86-211)235-176(293)135(74-78-155(273)274)243-170(287)125(63-37-43-83-208)241-192(309)148(106-266)257-174(291)126(64-38-44-84-209)234-171(288)129(67-47-87-225-201(215)216)240-185(302)142(98-119-55-29-24-30-56-119)252-187(304)144(100-121-59-33-26-34-60-121)253-189(306)146(102-158(279)280)233-154(272)104-230-167(284)138(94-109(6)7)248-166(283)122(212)93-108(4)5)194(311)231-105-153(271)232-123(61-35-41-81-206)168(285)242-136(75-79-156(275)276)177(294)251-141(97-118-53-27-23-28-54-118)184(301)238-124(62-36-42-82-207)169(286)236-131(69-49-89-227-203(219)220)181(298)263-164(116(18)22-3)197(314)259-160(112(12)13)195(312)246-134(73-77-151(213)269)175(292)237-132(70-50-90-228-204(221)222)180(297)262-163(115(17)21-2)196(313)245-127(65-39-45-85-210)172(289)256-147(103-159(281)282)190(307)254-143(99-120-57-31-25-32-58-120)186(303)249-139(95-110(8)9)183(300)239-130(68-48-88-226-202(217)218)173(290)255-145(101-152(214)270)188(305)250-140(96-111(10)11)191(308)260-161(113(14)15)199(316)265-92-52-72-150(265)193(310)244-133(71-51-91-229-205(223)224)182(299)264-165(117(19)268)198(315)247-137(76-80-157(277)278)178(295)258-149(107-267)200(317)318;3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h23-34,53-60,108-117,122-150,160-165,266-268H,20-22,35-52,61-107,206-212H2,1-19H3,(H2,213,269)(H2,214,270)(H,230,284)(H,231,311)(H,232,271)(H,233,272)(H,234,288)(H,235,293)(H,236,286)(H,237,292)(H,238,301)(H,239,300)(H,240,302)(H,241,309)(H,242,285)(H,243,287)(H,244,310)(H,245,313)(H,246,312)(H,247,315)(H,248,283)(H,249,303)(H,250,305)(H,251,294)(H,252,304)(H,253,306)(H,254,307)(H,255,290)(H,256,289)(H,257,291)(H,258,295)(H,259,314)(H,260,308)(H,261,296)(H,262,297)(H,263,298)(H,264,299)(H,273,274)(H,275,276)(H,277,278)(H,279,280)(H,281,282)(H,317,318)(H4,215,216,225)(H4,217,218,226)(H4,219,220,227)(H4,221,222,228)(H4,223,224,229);(H,6,7)/t114-,115-,116-,117+,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,138-,139-,140-,141-,14
InChi Key
PYYXIYGCAXMCME-YLLLKHBJSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    Product Description

    LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions.1 It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection.1,2,3 LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml.4 It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells.5 LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen.6 In vivo, LL-37 inhibits cecal ligation and puncture-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages, reduces levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improves survival in polybacterial septic mice.7

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Weinberg, A., Krisanaprakornkit, S., and Dale, B.A. Epithelial antimicrobial peptides: Review and significance for oral applications. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 9(4), 399-414 (1998).

    2. Rivas-Santiago, B., Hernandez-Pando, R., Carranza, C., et al. Expression of cathelicidin LL-37 during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human alveolar macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 76(3), 935-941 (2008).

    3. Gudmundsson, G.H., Agerberth, B., Odeberg, J., et al. The human gene FALL39 and processing of the cathelin precursor to the antibacterial peptide LL-37 in granulocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 238(2), 325-332 (1996).

    4. Larrick, J.W., Hirata, M., Balint, R.F., et al. Human CAP18: A novel antimicrobial lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Infect. Immun. 63(4), 1291-1297 (1995).

    5. Yang, B.D., Chen, Q., Schmidt, A.P., et al. LL-37, the neutrophil granule- and epithelial cell-derived cathelicidin, utilizes formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) as a receptor to chemoattract human peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. J. Exp. Med. 192(7), 1069-1074 (2000).

    6. Alagarasu, K., Patil, P.S., Shil, P., et al. In-vitro effect of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 on dengue virus type 2. Peptides 92, 23-30 (2017).

    7. Hu, Z., Murakami, T., Suzuki, K., et al. Antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 inhibits the pyroptosis of macrophages and improves the survival of polybacterial septic mice. Int. Immunol. 28(5), 245-253 (2016).