Gentisic Acid

Gentisic acid is a benzoic acid that has been found in Gentiana and an active metabolite of aspirin (Item No. 70260) with diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4,5 It decreases radiation-induced production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide, and protein carbonyls, increases superoxide dismutase activity, and prevents hemolysis in isolated human erythrocytes when used at concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μM.¹ Gentisic acid (1-10 μM) inhibits LDL oxidation and formation of cholesterol ester hydroperoxides in isolated human plasma.² It induces relaxation of isolated guinea pig trachea (EC₅₀ = 20 μM), an effect that is reduced by the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker charybdotoxin (Item No. 24115).³ Gentisic acid (10 and 100 mg/kg) reduces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and pulmonary remodeling, suppresses the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and inhibits cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy.⁴ It also prevents cardiovascular collapse and lactic acidemia in a canine model of P. aeruginosa-induced septic shock.⁵

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1. Joshi, R.P., Gangabhagirathi, R., Venu, S., et al. Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging reactions of gentisic acid: In-vitro and pulse radiolysis studies. Free Radic. Res. 46(1), 11-20 (2012).

2. Ashidate, K., Kawamura, M., Mimura, D., et al. Gentisic acid, an aspirin metabolite, inhibits oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and the formation of cholesterol ester hydroperoxides in human plasma. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 513(3), 173-179 (2005).

3. Cunha, J.F., Campestrini, F.D., Calixto, J.B., et al. The mechanism of gentisic acid-induced relaxation of the guinea pig isolated trachea: The role of potassium channels and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 34(4), 381-388 (2001).

4. Sun, S., Kee, H.J., Ryu, Y.L., et al. Gentisic acid prevents the transition from pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 3018 (2019).

5. Mink, S., Roy Chowdhury, S.K., Gotes, J., et al. Gentisic acid sodium salt, a phenolic compound, is superior to norepinephrine in reversing cardiovascular collapse, hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and lactic acidemia in Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic shock in dogs. Intensive Care Med. Exp. 4(1), 24 (2016).