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Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate is a phorbol ester and an activator of PKC, including group A (α and γ) and group B (δ, ε, η) PKC isoforms.1 It promotes tumor formation to a lesser degree than phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; Item No. 10008014).2 Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate induces papilloma formation in mice with a total dose of 9.7 µmol required to produce papillomas in 50% of survivors after eight weeks.3 It also induces inflammation in 50% of mice when administered topically to the ear at a dose of 0.067 µmol/ear.
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1. Activation of protein kinase C subtypes α, γ, δ, ε, ζ, and η by tumor-
2. Hydrophobicity and tumor promoting activity of phorbol esters. Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat. 9(1), 1-5 (1990).
3. Inflammation and tumor promotion: Selective protein induction in mouse skin by tumor promoters. Eur. J. Cancer 8(6), 617-621 (1972).