3-Iodotyrosine

3-Iodotyrosine is an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (K_i = 0.39 µM) and an intermediate in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.^1,2 It has been incorporated into proteins as a non-natural amino acid for use as a label to detect protein-protein interactions.³ 3-Iodotyrosine induces the formation of α-synuclein aggregates and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive inclusions in primary substantia nigra neurons when used at concentrations of 5 and 10 nM.⁴ It induces parkinsonism in mice, reducing locomotor activity and inducing bradykinesia in the open field test when administered at an intrastriatal dose of 10 µM.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Scott-Moncrieff, J.C. Hypothyroidism. Canine and feline endocrinology 78-135 (2015).

2. Udenfriend, S., Zaltzman-Nirenberg, P., and Nagatsu, T. Inhibitors of purified beef adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase. Biochem. Pharmacol. 14(4), 837-845 (1965).

3. Hino, N., Hayashi, A., Sakamoto, K., et al. Site-specific incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins in mammalian cells with an expanded genetic code. Nat. Protoc. 1(6), 2957-2962 (2006).

4. Fernández-Espejo, E., and Bis-Humbert, C. Excess amounts of 3-iodo-l-tyrosine induce Parkinson-like features in experimental approaches of Parkinsonism. Neurotoxicology 67, 178-189 (2018).