A peptide ACE inhibitor
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H-Val-Pro-Pro-OH (trifluoroactetate salt)

Item No. 28898

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline, trifluoroactetate salt
Synonyms
  • VPP
Molecular Formula
C15H25N3O4 • XCF3COOH
Formula Weight
311.4
Purity
≥95%
Formulation
A solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
DMF: 15 mg/mlDMSO: 15 mg/mlEthanol: 15 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml
SMILES
CC(C)[C@H](N)C(N1CCC[C@H]1C(N2CCC[C@H]2C(O)=O)=O)=O.OC(C(F)(F)F)=O
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C15H25N3O4.C2HF3O2/c1-9(2)12(16)14(20)17-7-3-5-10(17)13(19)18-8-4-6-11(18)15(21)22;3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h9-12H,3-8,16H2,1-2H3,(H,21,22);(H,6,7)/t10-,11-,12-;/m0./s1
InChi Key
DJQRQUZDHQFFTH-LFELFHSZSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    5 mg

    $49

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    10 mg

    $86

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    25 mg

    $190

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    50 mg

    $329

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    Product Description

    H-Val-Pro-Pro-OH (VPP) is a peptide inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; IC50 = 9 µM).1 It inhibits acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at a concentration of 1 µM and induces vasorelaxation in precontracted isolated rat aortic rings.2 VPP (0.3 mg/kg) decreases systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive, but not normotensive, rats.3 Dietary administration of VPP reduces plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, expression of Il6 and Il1b, and aortic arch intimal thickening and atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice.4

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Nakamura, Y., Yamamoto, N., Sakai, K., et al. Purification and characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors from sour milk. J. Dairy Sci. 78(4), 777-783 (1995).

    2. Hirota, T., Nonaka, A., Matsushita, A., et al. Milk casein-derived tripeptides, VPP and IPP induced NO production in cultured endothelial cells and endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated aortic rings. Heart Vessels 26(5), 549-556 (2011).

    3. Nakamura, Y., Yamamoto, N., Sakai, K., et al. Antihypertensive effect of sour milk and peptides isolated from it that are inhibitors to angiotensin I-converting enzyme. J. Dairy Sci. 78(6), 1253-1257 (1995).

    4. Nakamura, T., Hirota, T., Mizushima, K., et al. Milk-derived peptides, Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro, attenuate atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice: A preliminary study. J. Med. Food 16(5), 396-403 (2013).