Nitidine (chloride)

Nitidine is an alkaloid originally isolated from Z. nitidium that has antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.^1,2,3,4,5 It is active against the F32 chloroquine-sensitive and FcB1 and FcM2 chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum (IC₅₀s = 0.52, 0.8, and 0.49 µM, respectively) and reduces parasitemia in a mouse model of P. vinckei infection with an ED₅₀ value of 18.9 mg/kg per day.¹ It decreases LPS-induced increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels and p65 nuclear translocation in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 5 µM.³ Nitidine (5 mg/kg) decreases serum levels of IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 and reduces mortality in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxemia.⁴ It inhibits proliferation of B16 melanoma, MCF-7 and Hs 578T breast, and DU145 and MPC3 prostate cancer cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.65 to 370 ng/ml.² Nitidine (0.1-10 µM) induces apoptosis and decreases STAT3 phosphorylation in HSC-3 and HSC-4 oral cancer cells, as well as reduces tumor growth in an HSC-3 mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day for 24 days.⁵

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Bouquet, J., Rivaud, M., Chevalley, S., et al. Biological activities of nitidine, a potential anti-malarial lead compound. Malar. J. 11, 67 (2012).

2. Del Poeta, M., Chen, S.-F., Von Hoff, D., et al. Comparison of in vitro activities of camptothecin and nitidine derivatives against fungal and cancer cells. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43(12), 2862-2868 (1999).

3. Wang, Z., Jiang, W., Zhang, Z., et al. Nitidine chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production via MAPK and NF-kappaB pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 144(1), 145-150 (2012).

4. Yang, N., Yue, R., Ma, J., et al. Nitidine chloride exerts anti-inflammatory action by targeting Topoisomerase I and enhancing IL-10 production. Pharmacol. Res. 148, 104368 (2019).

5. Kim, L.-H., Khadka, S., Shin, J.-A., et al. Nitidine chloride acts as an apoptosis inducer in human oral cancer cells and a nude mouse xenograft model via inhibition of STAT3. Oncotarget 8(53), 91306-91315 (2017).