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Phenindione is an anticoagulant and vitamin K antagonist.1,2 It inhibits the reduction of vitamin K1 epoxide to vitamin K1 by vitamin K1 epoxide reductase in rat liver homogenates in a concentration-dependent manner.1 In vivo, phenindione (500 mg/kg) inhibits prothrombin synthesis and conversion of vitamin K1 epoxide to vitamin K1 in rats by 50 and 57%, respectively. Dietary administration of phenindione (4 mg/kg per day) inhibits aortic atherosclerosis or intracardial thrombosis in rat models of diet-induced atherosclerosis or intravascular thrombosis, respectively.2
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1. Mechanism of action of anticoagulants: correlation between the inhibition of prothrombin synthesis and the regeneration of vitamin K1 from vitamin K1 epoxide. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 201(3), 541-546 (1977).
2. The effect of phenindione on rats fed diets which produce thrombosis or experimental atherosclerosis. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 43(4), 418-423 (1962).