Isoconazole (nitrate)

Isoconazole is an imidazole with antimicrobial activity.¹ It is active against clinical isolates of Candida species, including C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and C. guilliermondii with MIC values ranging from 0.12 to 2 μg/ml. It is also active against the fungi T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum when used at a concentration of 0.1 µg/ml and the bacteria C. tuberculostearicum, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and S. epidermis (MICs = 3.9, 32, and 5.6 mg/L, respectively).^2,3 Isoconazole induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. aureus.³ It also inhibits heme oxygenase in rat spleen and rat brain microsomes that endogenously express high levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and HO-2, respectively (IC₅₀s = 5.6 and 32.6 µM, respectively).⁴

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Hernández Molina, J.M., Llosá, J., Martinez Brocal, A., et al. In vitro activity of cloconazole, sulconazole, butoconazole, isoconazole, fenticonazole, and five other antifungal agents against clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Candida spp. Mycopathologia 118(1), 15-21 (1992).

2. Godefroi, E.F., Heeres, J., Van Cutsem, J., et al. The preparation and antimycotic properties of derivatives of 1-phenethylimidazole. J. Med. Chem. 12(5), 784-791 (1969).

3. Czaika, V.A., Siebenbrock, J., Czekalla, F., et al. Reactive oxygen species and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of isoconazole nitrate. Mycoses 56(Suppl 1), 16-22 (2013).

4. Kinobe, R.T., Dercho, R.A., Vlahakis, J.Z., et al. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of heme oxygenases by azole-based antifungal drugs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 319(1), 277-284 (2006).