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Explore how neutrophils shape the immune response in health and disease. This poster highlights neutrophil pathogen defense mechanisms, including phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETosis, as well as neutrophil roles in inflammation and NET-associated pathologies.
DOWNLOAD NOWImmunoglobulin G (IgG) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of glycoproteins that plays a central role in the adaptive immune response.1 It is produced by B cells and later secreted by plasma cells and is the most abundant circulating antibody in human and mouse serum.1,2,3 IgG consists of two heavy chains of approximately 50 kDa each and two light chains of approximately 25 kDa each.1 The heavy chains are linked together by disulfide bonds to form an Fc region and also combine with the light chains to form the Fab region, which mediate receptor and antigen binding, respectively.4 IgG is produced following IgM class-switching in response to infection and is involved in numerous humoral host defense responses, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), toxin neutralization, and pathogen opsonization.2 IgG exists as four isotypes in humans, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, each of which has a distinct effector function. IgG4 is the least predominant IgG isotype in human serum and contains a serine at position 228 in its hinge region that facilitates Fab arm exchange, resulting in two antigen-binding sites and a functionally monovalent antibody.5 Increased serum levels of IgG4 positively correlate with desensitization and allergen tolerance in beekeepers, laboratory workers chronically exposed to rodent allergens, and individuals undergoing allergy immunotherapy for severe allergies to cats, dust mites, birch pollen, and wasps. Cayman's IgG4 (human) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody - Biotinylated (RM120) can be used for ELISA, immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes the heavy chain of non-reduced and reduced IgG4 at approximately 150 and 50 kDa, respectively, from human samples.
WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
1. Structure and function of immunoglobulins. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125(2 Suppl. 2), S41-S52 (2010).
2. IgG subclasses and allotypes: From structure to effector functions. Front. Immunol. 5, 520 (2014).
3. IgG subclass expression by human B lymphocytes and plasma cells: B lymphocytes precommitted to IgG subclass can be preferentially induced by polyclonal mitogens with T cell help. J. Immunol. 130(2), 671-677 (1983).
4. Immunoglobulin. 2020, (2020).
5. On the role of IgG4 in inflammatory conditions: lessons for IgG4-