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Heparastatin is an inhibitor of heparanase, an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate into glucuronic acid (GlcUA) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).1 It inhibits heparanase in A375-M human melanoma cells expressing the recombinant human enzyme (IC50 = 10.55 µM). Heparastatin also inhibits bovine liver β-glucuronidase and almond β-glucosidase (IC50s = 0.31 and 11 µM, respectively). It reduces air pouch neutrophil and monocyte infiltration and levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in a mouse model of dorsal air pouch inflammation induced by carrageenan.2 Heparastatin (100 mg/kg once per day) inhibits metastasis by 57.1% in a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model.3
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1. Flexible synthesis and biological activity of uronic acid-
2. An iminosugar-
3. Effect on spontaneous metastasis of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma by a trifluoroacetamide analogue of siastatin B. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 47(7), 840-842 (1994).