Ecto-5’-nucleotidase/CD73 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM431)

CD73, also known as ecto-5'-nucleotidase, is a membrane-bound ectoenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of AMP to adenosine, a mediator of purinergic signaling pathways.^1,2 It exists as a homodimer where each monomer is composed of a catalytic N-terminal domain, a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that is attached to the cell membrane.¹ CD73 is ubiquitously expressed, and a soluble form of CD73 (sCD73) can be produced by proteolytic cleavage of its GPI anchor.¹ It is upregulated by hypoxia and a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TGF-β, IFN, TNF-α, IL-1β, and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂).³ The enzymatic activity of CD73 is coupled to CD39, the enzyme that produces AMP from ATP, a danger signal produced from injured or dying cells.² CD73 converts AMP to adenosine, a ligand for adenosine receptors, which regulate various physiological responses, including inflammatory pathways.^2,3 It has other immunoregulatory functions, including acting as a T cell co-stimulatory molecule, inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation, and facilitating lymphocyte tethering to the endothelium.² CD73 has additional roles in the maintenance of tissue barrier function, cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cancer, where it promotes metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion.⁴ Increased tumor CD73 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with breast or ovarian cancer.⁵ Cayman's Ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM431) can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) applications.

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1. Nocentini, A., Capasso, C., and Supuran, C.T. Small-molecule CD73 inhibitors for the immunotherapy of cancer: A patent and literature review (2017-present). Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 31(10), 867-876 (2021).

2. Minor, M., Alcedo, K.P., Battaglia, R.A., et al. Cell type- and tissue-specific functions of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 317(6), C1079-C1092 (2019).

3. Antonioli, L., Pacher, P., Vizi, E.S., et al. CD39 and CD73 in immunity and inflammation. Trends Mol. Med. 19(6), 355-367 (2013).

4. Gao, Z., Dong, K., and Zhang, H. The roles of CD73 in cancer. Biomed. Res. Int. 460654 (2014).

5. de Leve, S., Wirsdörfer, F., and Jendrossek, V. Targeting the immunomodulatory CD73/adenosine system to improve the therapeutic gain of radiotherapy. Front. Immunol. 10, 698 (2019).