TIM-4 Extracellular Domain (human, recombinant) - Biotinylated

TIM-4 is a type I transmembrane protein and member of the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing (TIM) family of immunoregulatory proteins.¹ It is composed of an N-terminal immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain that binds to phosphatidylserine, as well as a mucin stalk, which contains O- and N-linked glycosylation sites, a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, which lacks a tyrosine phosphorylation site, unlike TIM-1 and TIM-3.^2,1 TIM-4 is expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and macrophages and binds to TIM-1 on activated T cells.³ It is mainly involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells via recognition of phosphatidylserine, but also plays a role in T cell proliferation and survival, viral entry, and antitumor immunity.^2,4,5,6 TIM-4 targeting antibodies prevent HIV-1 entry into host cells in vitro and enhance the efficacy of anticancer vaccines in a murine melanoma model.^5,6 SNPs in TIMD4 are associated with increased susceptibility of asthma in children.⁷ Cayman's TIM-4 Extracellular Domain (human, recombinant) - Biotinylated protein consists of 302 amino acids, has a calculated molecular weight of 32.7 kDa, and a predicted N-terminus of Glu25 after signal peptide cleavage. By SDS-PAGE, the apparent molecular mass of the protein is approximately 60 kDa due to glycosylation.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Freeman, G.J., Casasnovas, J.M., Umetsu, D.T., et al. TIM genes: A family of cell surface phosphatidylserine receptors that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol. Rev. 235(1), 172-189 (2010).

2. Miyanishi, M., Tada, K., Koike, M., et al. Identification of Tim4 as a phosphatidylserine receptor. Nature 450, 435-439 (2007).

3. Meyers, J.H., Chakravarti, S., Schlesinger, D., et al. TIM-4 is the ligand for TIM-1, and the TIM-1-TIM-4 interaction regulates T cell proliferation. Nat. Immunol. 6, 455-464 (2005).

4. Rodriguez-Manzanet, R., Meyers, J.H., Balasubramanian, S., et al. TIM-4 expressed on APCs induces T cell expansion and survival. J. Immunol. 180(7), 4706-4713 (2008).

5. Sims, B., Farrow, A.L., Williams, S.D., et al. Role of TIM-4 in exosome-dependent entry of HIV-1 into human immune cells. Int. J. Nanomedicine 12, 4823-4833 (2017).

6. Baghdadi, M., Nagao, H., Yoshiyama, H., et al. Combined blockade of TIM-3 and TIM-4 augments cancer vaccine efficacy against established melanomas. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 62(4), 629-637 (2013).

7. Cai, P.C., Hu, L.H., Cui, T.P., et al. Association of TIM4 promoter polymorphism -1419G>A with childhood asthma in a Chinese Han population. Tissue Antigens 74, 11-16 (2009).