Nucleophosmin (human, recombinant)

Nucleophosmin is a nucleolar phosphoprotein that is involved in diverse biological processes, including ribosome maturation, DNA repair, and mitotic spindle assembly.¹ It is highly post-translationally modified and composed of an oligomerization domain, which contains two nuclear export signals, three acidic domains, an intrinsically disordered region, which contains two nuclear localization signals, and a C-terminal RNA-binding domain.^1,2 Nucleophosmin is ubiquitously expressed and shuttles between the nucleolus and cytoplasm, however, alternative splicing of NPM1 produces a variant that lacks the RNA-binding domain and nucleolar localization signal and is instead localized throughout the nucleus.^3,1,2 Nucleophosmin has histone- and protein chaperone activity and plays a role in ribosome assembly and export, centrosome duplication, cell cycle control, the stress response, and embryogenesis.¹ Knockdown of NPM1 inhibits protein synthesis and the nuclear export of the 40S, 60S, and 80S ribosomal subunits in vitro and knockout of NPM1 is embryonic lethal in mice.^4,5 Nucleophosmin fusion proteins have been found in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.^6,7

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1. Cela, I., Di Matteo, A., and Federici, L. Nucleophosmin in Its interaction with ligands. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21(14), 4885 (2020).

2. Okuwaki, M. The structure and functions of NPM1/Nucleophsmin/B23, a multifunctional nucleolar acidic protein. J. Biochem. 143(4), 441-448 (2008).

3. Cordell, J.L., Pulford, K.A., Bigerna, B., et al. Detection of normal and chimeric nucleophosmin in human cells. Blood 93(2), 632-642 (1999).

4. Maggi, L.B., Jr., Kuchenruether, M., Dadey, D.Y.A., et al. Nucleophosmin serves as a rate-limiting nuclear export chaperone for the Mammalian ribosome. Mol. Cell Biol. 28(23), 7050-7065 (2008).

5. Grisendi, S., Bernardi, R., Rossi, M., et al. Role of nucleophosmin in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Nature 437(7055), 147-153 (2005).

6. Redner, R.L., Rush, E.A., Faas, S., et al. The t(5;17) variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia expresses a nucleophosmin-retinoic acid receptor fusion. Blood 87(3), 882-886 (1996).

7. Morris, S.W., Kirstein, M.N., Valentine, M.B., et al. Fusion of a kinase gene, ALK, to a nucleolar protein gene, NPM, in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Science 263(5151), 1281-1284 (1994).