Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (human, recombinant)

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is an oxidoreductase encoded by the TXNRD1 gene in humans and a member of the antioxidant thioredoxin system, which is involved in the maintenance of cellular thiol redox homeostasis.^1,2,3 It exists as a homodimer and contains a dimer interface domain, FAD- and NADPH-binding domains, an N-terminal redox catalytic site, and a C-terminal selenocysteine residue, which is essential for the catalytic activity of TrxR1.^1,4 TrxR1 is ubiquitously expressed, localizes to the cytoplasm, and is regulated by the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2.^2,5 TrxR1 catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx), restoring the disulfide reductase function of Trx, which regulates redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as NF-κB and p53, and has roles in apoptosis and cell signaling.^3,6 Genome-wide deletion of Txnrd1 is embryonic lethal in mice.⁷ Increased serum TrxR1 activity is associated with reduced progression-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).⁸ Cayman’s Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (human, recombinant) protein can be used for enzyme activity assay.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Mustacich, D., and Powis, G. Thioredoxin reductase. Biochem. J. 346(Pt. 1), 1-8 (2000).

2. Cebula, M., Schmidt, E.E., and Arnér, E.S.J. TrxR1 as a potent regulator of the Nrf2-Keap1 response system. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23(10), 823-853 (2015).

3. Watanabe, R., Nakamura, H., Masutani, H., et al. Anti-oxidative, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory actions by thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin-binding protein-2. Pharmacol. Ther. 127(3), 261-270 (2010).

4. Fritz-Wolf, K., Kehr, S., Stumpf, M., et al. Crystal structure of the human thioredoxin reductase–thioredoxin complex. Nat. Commun. 2, 383 (2011).

5. Li, W., Bandyopadhyay, J., Hwaang, H.S., et al. Two thioredoxin reductases, trxr-1 and trxr-2, have differential physiological roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol. Cells 34(2), 209-218 (2012).

6. Holmgren, A., and Lu, J. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase: Current research with special reference to human disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 396(1), 120-124 (2010).

7. Bondareva, A.A., Capecchi, M.R., Iverson, S.V., et al. Effects of thioredoxin reductase-1 deletion on embryogenesis and transcriptome. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 43(6), 911-923 (2007).

8. Chen, G., Chen, Q., Zeng, F., et al. The serum activity of thioredoxin reductases 1 (TrxR1) is correlated with the poor prognosis in EGFR wild-type and ALK negative non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 8(70), 115270-115279 (2017).