Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (human, recombinant)

Thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) is an oxidoreductase encoded by the TXNRD2 gene in humans and a member of the antioxidant thioredoxin system.¹ It exists as a homodimer and contains a dimer interface domain, FAD- and NADPH-binding domains, an N-terminal redox catalytic site, and a C-terminal selenocysteine residue, which is essential for the catalytic activity of TrxR2.^1,2 TrxR2 is ubiquitously expressed and localizes primarily to the mitochondria.³ It catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), restoring the disulfide reductase function of Trx2, which reduces peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx3) dimers.^4,5 TrxR2 has roles in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and redox homeostasis in the aging heart and in the regulation of chondrocyte viability, proliferation, and differentiation.² Genome-wide deletion of Txnrd2 is embryonic lethal in mice.⁶ TXNRD2 expression and TrxR2 protein levels are increased in bone biopsies from patients with osteosarcoma that later progress to metastatic disease.⁷ SNPs in TXNRD2 are associated with serum markers of selenium status in patients with advanced- or high-stage, but not localized low-grade, prostate cancer.⁸ Cayman’s Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (human, recombinant) protein can be used for enzyme activity assays.

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1. Mustacich, D., and Powis, G. Thioredoxin reductase. Biochem. J. 346(Pt. 1), 1-8 (2000).

2. Scalcon, V., Bindoli, A., and Rigobello, M.P. Significance of the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in cancer cells: An update on role, targets and inhibitors. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 127, 62-79 (2018).

3. Li, W., Bandyopadhyay, J., Hwaang, H.S., et al. Two thioredoxin reductases, trxr-1 and trxr-2, have differential physiological roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol. Cells 34(2), 209-218 (2012).

4. Holmgren, A., and Lu, J. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase: Current research with special reference to human disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 396(1), 120-124 (2010).

5. Watanabe, R., Nakamura, H., Masutani, H., et al. Anti-oxidative, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory actions by thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin-binding protein-2. Pharmacol. Ther. 127(3), 261-270 (2010).

6. Conrad, M., Jakupoglu, C., Moreno, S.G., et al. Essential role for mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in hematopoiesis, heart development, and heart function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24(21), 9414-9423 (2004).

7. Topkas, E., Cai, N., Cumming, A., et al. Auranofin is a potent suppressor of osteosarcoma metastasis. Oncotarget 7(1), 831-844 (2016).

8. Méplan, C., Rohrmann, S., Steinbrecher, A., et al. Polymorphisms in thioredoxin reductase and selenoprotein K genes and selenium status modulate risk of prostate cancer. PLoS One 7(11), e48709 (2012).