Coagulation Factor X (human, recombinant)

Coagulation Factor X is a vitamin K-dependent plasma serine protease involved in the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways of the blood coagulation cascade.^1,2 It is composed of an N-terminal light chain that contains a signal sequence, a propeptide, carboxylated glutamic acid residues (Gla domain), and two EGF domains and a C-terminal heavy chain that contains the activation peptide and a chymotrypsin-like catalytic domain.¹ Factor X is produced as an inactive precursor, which is activated to Factor Xa following signal peptide cleavage, glycosylation, and further cleavage by the Factor VIIIa-IXa or tissue factor-FVIIa complexes of the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, respectively. Factor Xa, in complex with Factor Va, converts prothrombin to thrombin. Factor Xa also cleaves severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein, also known as surface glycoprotein, and prevents SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in vitro, and Factor X levels are increased in the lungs of patients with COVID-19.³ Knockout of F10, the gene encoding Factor X, in mice induces embryonic lethality and fatal internal bleeding of surviving neonates.⁴ Mutations in F10 result in Factor X deficiency, a rare bleeding disorder characterized by CNS and gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as hemarthroses and hematomas.¹ Cayman’s Coagulation Factor X (human, recombinant) protein consists of 468 amino acids, has a calculated molecular weight of 52.8 kDa, and a predicted N-terminus of Asn32 after signal peptide cleavage. By SDS-PAGE, under reducing conditions, the apparent molecular masses are 48 and 22 kDa, corresponding to the cleaved heavy and light chains, respectively, due to glycosylation.

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1. Camire, R.M. Blood coagulation factor X: Molecular biology, inherited disease, and engineered therapeutics. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis 52(2), 383-390 (2021).

2. Schenone, M., Furie, B.C., and Furie, B. The blood coagulation cascade. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 11(4), 272-277 (2004).

3. Dong, W., Wang, J., Tian, L., et al. Factor Xa cleaves SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to block viral entry and infection. Nat. Commun. 14(1), 1936 (2023).

4. Dewerchin, M., Liang, Z., Moons, L., et al. Blood coagulation factor X deficiency causes partial embryonic lethality and fatal neonatal bleeding in mice. Thromb. Haemost. 83(2), 185-190 (2000).