Ethacridine (lactate)

Ethacridine is an inducer of uterine contraction.¹ It induces contractions in primary mouse myometrium smooth muscle cells when co-cultured with primary degranulated mast cells and in isolated and washed mouse uterine horns when used at a concentration of 10 µM. Preincubation of viral particles with ethacridine (5 µM) reduces the viral titers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a plaque assay, as well as decreases the levels of intracellular and extracellular viral RNA and the intracellular levels of the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) and spike glycoprotein (S protein), in Vero E6 cells.² It decreases colony formation by, and induces apoptosis in, SW1736 and FTC-133 thyroid cancer cells when used at a concentration of 10 µM.³ Ethacridine reduces the levels of mRNA encoding the thyroid differentiation factors transcription termination factor 1 (TTF-1), paired box (Pax) protein 8 (Pax8), and sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) in Nthy-ori 3-1 thyroid follicular epithelial cells.

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1. Rudolph, M.I., de los Angeles García, M., Sepulveda, M., et al. Ethodin: Pharmacological evidence of the interaction between smooth muscle and mast cells in the myometrium. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 282(1), 256-261 (1997).

2. Li, X., Lidsky, P.V., Xiao, Y., et al. Ethacridine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by inactivating viral particles. PLoS Pathog. 17(9), e1009898 (2021).

3. Huang, T.-S., Lee, J.-J., Li, Y.-S., et al. Ethacridine induces apoptosis and differentiation in thyroid cancer cells in vitro. Anticancer Res. 39(8), 4095-4100 (2019).