oxLig-1 (technical grade)

oxLig-1 is an ω-carboxylated 7-ketocholesteryl ester and a lipid component of oxidized LDL (oxLDL).¹ It binds to the ligand-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), an effect that can be reversed by the PPARγ agonist troglitazone (Item No. 71750), and also binds to CD36, also known as scavenger receptor B2, when used at a concentration of 50 µg/ml.^2,3 oxLig-1 (20 µg/ml) increases cholesterol efflux and protein levels of liver X receptor α (LXRα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 subfamily A (ABCA1) in THP-1 macrophages. Liposomes containing oxLig-1 and complexed with apolipoprotein H, also known as β₂-glycoprotein I (β₂-GPI), bind to an anti-apolipoprotein H antibody, which mediates uptake by J774A.1 macrophages.¹ oxLig-1 decreases intracellular lipid accumulation induced by oleic acid (Item Nos. 90260 | 24659) in HepG2 cells, as well as hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet.³ Serum levels of IgG autoantibodies targeting a complex of oxLig-1 and apolipoprotein H are increased in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome with a history of arterial thrombosis.⁴

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Kobayashi, K., Matsuura, E., Liu, Q., et al. A specific ligand for β₂-glycoprotein I mediates autoantibody-dependent uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein by macrophages. J. Lipid Res. 42(5), 697-709 (2001).

2. Chi, Y., Wang, L., Liu, Y., et al. 7-ketocholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate enhances ATP binding cassette transporter A₁ expression mediated by PPARγ in THP-1 macrophages. Atherosclerosis 234(2), 461-468 (2014).

3. Fu, C., Xiang, M.-L., Chen, S., et al. Molecular drug simulation and experimental validation of the CD36 receptor competitively binding to long-chain fatty acids by 7-ketocholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate. ACS Omega 8(31), 28277-28289 (2023).

4. Lopez, D., Kobayashi, K., Merrill, J.T., et al. IgG autoantibodies against β₂-glycoprotein I complexed with a lipid ligand derived from oxidized low-density lipoprotein are associated with arterial thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 10(2-4), 203-211 (2003).