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Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), also known as TNF ligand-related molecule 1 (TL1A), is a type II transmembrane protein and cognate ligand for TNFRSF25, also known as death domain receptor 3 (DR3), with roles in T cell activation and dendritic cell maturation.1,2 It is composed of a cytoplasmic, a transmembrane, and an extracellular domain and forms membrane-bound non-covalent homotrimers. TNFSF15 exists primarily in its membrane-bound form, but can be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to release the soluble form (sTL1A).1,3 Both membrane-bound and soluble TNFSF15 bind to TNFRSF25 on the surface of T cells, inducing various signaling pathways resulting in NF-κB activation or apoptosis.3 TNFSF15 also binds to TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and TNFR6B, also known as soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), on the surface of T cells to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production and the inhibition of apoptosis. Intestinal levels of TNFSF15 are increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).4 TNFSF15 SNPs are associated with an increased susceptibility to developing small cell lung cancer (SCLC).5 Cayman’s Soluble TNFSF15 (human, recombinant) protein consists of 199 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 22.8 kDa.
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1. TL1A (TNFSF15) and DR3 (TNFRSF25): A co-
2. Role of TNFSF15 variants in oral cancer development and clinicopathologic characteristics. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 26(21), 5452-5462 (2022).
3. Role of TL1A in inflammatory autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review. Front. Immunol. 13:891328, (2022).
4. TNFSF15 promotes antimicrobial pathways in human macrophages and these are modulated by TNFSF15 disease-
5. TNFSF15 promoter polymorphisms increase the susceptibility to small cell lung cancer: A case-