SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 (recombinant)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus and the causative agent of COVID-19, a primarily respiratory illness characterized by fever, cough, and shortness of breath that can lead to life-threatening complications.^1,2,3,4,5 The SARS-CoV-2 genome contains approximately 30 kilobases and 14 open reading frames (ORFs) that encode four structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid, as well as 16 non-structural proteins and 9 accessory factors.⁶ SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is a multifunctional protein and virulence factor that inhibits host mRNA translation, including translation of antiviral proteins such as IFN-β and IFN-λ1.^7,8,9 It is composed of an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain connected via an unstructured 20-amino acid residue linker.^10,9 The SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 C-terminal domain binds to the mRNA entry site of the 40S subunit of the host ribosome, which prevents host mRNA from entering, while the N-terminal binds to the 40S decoding center preventing accurate alignment of tRNA and mRNA.^8,10,9 SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 also induces host mRNA degradation, prevents mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and binds to pre-rRNA in the nucleolus to disrupt rRNA biogenesis.^11,9,12,7

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