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Explore how neutrophils shape the immune response in health and disease. This poster highlights neutrophil pathogen defense mechanisms, including phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETosis, as well as neutrophil roles in inflammation and NET-associated pathologies.
DOWNLOAD NOWSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus and the causative agent of COVID-19, a primarily respiratory illness characterized by fever, cough, and shortness of breath that can lead to life-threatening complications.1,2,3,4,5 The SARS-CoV-2 genome contains approximately 30 kilobases and 14 open reading frames (ORFs) that encode four structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid, as well as 16 non-structural proteins and 9 accessory factors.6 SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) is encoded within ORF1ab and is a cofactor for guanine-N7 methyltransferase (guanine-N7 MTase) and 2ʹ-O-methyltransferase (2ʹ-O-MTase).6,7,8 The amino acid sequence of nsp10 displays few mutations and is highly conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants.7 SARS-CoV-2 nsp10 binds to and stabilizes the disordered N-terminal exoribonuclease domain (ExoN domain) of guanine-N7 MTase and is necessary for accurate exonuclease activity.7 It forms a complex with 2ʹ-O-MTase to methylate nascent mRNAs at the ribose 2'-O position, creating a Cap-1 structure that facilitates increased translation of viral mRNAs and reduced innate immune recognition by the host cell.8
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