A diterpene toxin
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Grayanotoxin I

Item No. 42644

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
grayanotoxane-3β,5,6β,10,14R,16-hexol, 14-acetate
CAS Number
4720-09-6
Synonyms
  • Acetylandromedol
  • Andromedotoxin
  • Asebotoxin
  • GTX I
  • NSC 26711
  • Rhodotoxin
Molecular Formula
C22H36O7
Formula Weight
412.5
Purity
≥98%
Formulation (Request formulation change)
A solution in acetonitrile:water (1:1)
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
Acetonitrile: Slightly soluble: 0.1-1 mg/mlWater: Slightly soluble: 0.1-1 mg/ml
SMILES
O=C(O[C@H]1[C@@]23[C@](CC[C@@]1([H])[C@](O)(C3)C)([H])[C@@](O)([C@@]4([H])[C@]([C@@H](C2)O)(C(C)([C@H](C4)O)C)O)C)C
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C22H36O7/c1-11(23)29-17-12-6-7-13-20(5,27)14-8-15(24)18(2,3)22(14,28)16(25)9-21(13,17)10-19(12,4)26/h12-17,24-28H,6-10H2,1-5H3/t12-,13+,14+,15+,16-,17-,19-,20-,21+,22+/m1/s1
InChi Key
NXCYBYJXCJWMRY-VGBBEZPXSA-N
Origin
Plant/Rhododendron ponticum
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Wet ice in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    Product Description

    Grayanotoxin I is a diterpene toxin that has been found in R. ponticum nectar, a component of mad honey.1 It increases resting sodium permeability in squid axonal membranes when used at a concentration of 10 µM.2 Grayanotoxin I (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) induces proteinuria and reduces serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), also known as glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), in rats.3 It also induces hepatic focal necrosis and central vein dilation in the same model when administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Grayanotoxin I is toxic to mice (LD50 = 1.31 mg/kg).4

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Kurtoglu, A.B., Yavuz, R., and Evrendilek, G.A. Characterisation and fate of grayanatoxins in mad honey produced from Rhododendron ponticum nectar. Food Chem. 161, 47-52 (2014).

    2. Narahashi, T., and Seyama, I. Mechanism of nerve membrane depolarization caused by grayanotoxin I. J. Physiol. 242(2), 471-487 (1974).

    3. Aşçioğlu, M., Özesmi, Ç., Doğan, P., et al. Effects of acute grayanotoxin-I administration on hepatic and renal functions in rats. Turk. J. Med. Sci. 30(1), 23-27 (2000).

    4. Hikino, H., Ohta, T., Ogura, M., et al. Structure-activity relationship of ericaceous toxins on acute toxicity in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 35(2), 303-310 (1976).