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CDDO borate prodrug 4 is an anticancer agent and a prodrug form of a CDDO derivative with anticancer activity.1 It is converted to the CDDO derivative by reactive oxygen species (ROS). CDDO borate prodrug 4 selectively inhibits the proliferation of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) over GES-1 gastric epithelial cells (IC500s = 1.2 and 4.8 µM, respectively). Unlike the active metabolite, CDDO borate prodrug 4 does not affect the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio, indicating a low toxicity risk, in BGC-823 cells when used at a concentration five-fold higher than the active metabolite. In vivo, CDDO borate prodrug 4 (5 mg/kg) induces tumor regression and does not decrease body weight or induce organ toxicity in a BGC-823 mouse xenograft model.
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1. New CDDO arylboronate ester derivatives with high selectivity and low toxicity. J. Med. Chem. 67(16), (2024).