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V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a type I transmembrane protein and negative immune checkpoint regulator.1,2,3,4 It is composed of an N-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig) V domain, a stalk domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.2 VISTA is primarily expressed in myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells, as well as the spleen, placenta, and other tissues with infiltrating leukocytes.3,4,5 It is involved in immunosuppression of T cell activation and acts as a ligand and receptor.1,2,3,4 Increased protein levels of VISTA in tumor-infiltrating immune cells are associated with increased relapse-free survival in patients with estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, triple-negative, HER2-positive, or basal-like breast cancer.6 Protein levels of VISTA are also increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients with myasthenia gravis.7 Cayman’s VISTA Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM503) can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) applications.
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1. VISTA: A novel immunotherapy target for normalizing innate and adaptive immunity. Semin. Immunol. 42, 101308 (2019).
2. Immunoregulatory functions of VISTA. Immunol. Rev. 276(1), 66-79 (2017).
3. New checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Immunol. Rev. 276(1), 52-65 (2017).
4. The expression and immunoregulation of immune checkpoint molecule VISTA in autoimmune diseases and cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 52, 1-14 (2020).
5. VISTA is an immune checkpoint molecule for human T cells. Cancer Res. 74(7), 1924-1932 (2014).
6. Expression of the immune checkpoint VISTA in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 69(8), 1437-1446 (2020).
7. Expression and correlation analysis of VISTA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of myasthenia gravis patients. Int. Immunopharmacol. 148:114096, (2025).