IgA1 and IgA2 Matched Antibody Pair (Clones RM128/RM129)

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of glycoproteins with roles in host defense against intestinal pathogens and both quantitative and qualitative control of host commensal microbiota composition.^1,2 Human IgA consists of two identical light chains of approximately 25 kDa each, as well as two heavy chains of approximately 60 kDa each that contain C-terminal extensions, known as tailpieces, which allow for IgA oligomerization.^3,4 There are two IgA subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2, which are encoded by IGHA1/α1 and IGHA2/α2, respectively, and have differences primarily in the hinge and heavy chain constant regions.⁴ IgA is produced by B cells and later secreted by plasma cells and is the most abundant antibody on mucosal surfaces.^1,2 It binds to Igα Fc receptor I (FcαRI) and the IgM- and IgA-binding high affinity Igα and Igµ Fc receptor (Fcα/µ-R), which are both involved in mediating immune responses.^5,6 Serum levels of IgA are decreased in patients with IgA deficiency, who are typically asymptomatic but may have allergy or autoimmune disorders or experience recurrent infections.⁷ IgA deposits in vessels and, in certain cases, the glomerulus in children with IgA vasculitis (IgAV), a disorder characterized by vascular inflammation, purpura, joint pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and, in severe cases, glomerulonephritis.⁸ IgA levels are increased in certain gastrointestinal tract and liver diseases, with IgA2 levels increased to a higher degree than IgA1 levels in patients with Crohn's disease and alcoholic liver disease.⁹ Cayman's IgA1 and IgA2 Matched Antibody Pair (Clones RM128/RM129) contains IgA1 and IgA2 (human) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM128) (Item No. 32114) as a capture antibody, Ig Light Chain (human) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody - Biotinylated (Clone RM129) (Item No. 32112) as a detection antibody, and a sample diluent to reduce non-specific background. The antibody pair can be used for sandwich ELISAs and other sandwich assays for the specific detection of IgA1 and IgA2 in human samples.

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2. Mathias, A., Pais, B., Favre, L., et al. Role of secretory IgA in the mucosal sensing of commensal bacteria. Gut Microbes 5(6), 688-695 (2014).

3. Kerr, M.A. The structure and function of human IgA. Biochem. J. 271(2), 285-296 (1990).

4. Woof, J.M. The structure of IgA. Mucosal Immune Defense: Immunoglobulin A 1-24 (2007).

5. Woof, J.M., and Russell, M.W. Structure and function relationships in IgA. Mucosal Immunol. 4(6), 590-597 (2011).

6. van Egmond, M., Damen, C.A., van Spriel, A.B., et al. IgA and the IgA Fc receptor. Trends Immunol. 22(4), 205-211 (2001).

7. Yel, L. Selective IgA deficiency. J. Clin. Immunol. 30(1), 10-16 (2010).

8. Heineke, M.H., Ballering, A.V., Jamin, A., et al. New insights in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura). Autoimmun. Rev. 16(12), 1246-1253 (2017).

9. Mestecky, J., and Hammarström, L. IgA-associated diseases. Mucosal immune defense: Immunoglobulin A 321-344 (2007).