Citreorosein

Citreorosein is a polyketide anthraquinone that has been found in P. herquei and has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.^1,2,3 It is active against E. coli when used at concentrations ranging from 31.25 to 500 µg/ml, against P. aeruginosa from 62.5 to 500 µg/ml, and against B. subtilis at 250 and 500 µg/ml.¹ Citreorosein (25 µg/ml) reduces LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and LPS-induced increases in TNF-α and IL-6 levels in RAW 264.7 cells.² It reduces the production of prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂; Item No. 12010) and the levels of COX-2 in primary mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) stimulated with stem cell factor (SCF), IL-10, and LPS when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 µM.³ Citreorosein (10 and 20 µM) also inhibits SCF-, IL-10-, and LPS-induced increases in the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in primary mouse BMMCs.

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1. Marinho, A.M., Marinho, P.S., Santos, L.S., et al. Active polyketides isolated from Penicillium herquei. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 85(3), 909-912 (2013).

2. Xie, Z., Fan, X., Sallam, A.S., et al. Extraction, isolation, identification and bioactivity of anthraquinones from Aspergillus cristatus derived from Fuzhaun brick tea. Food Chem. 474, 143104 (2025).

3. Lu, Y., Suh, S.-J., Li, X., et al. Citreorosein, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from Polygoni cuspidati radix, attenuates cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin D₂ generation by blocking Akt and JNK pathways in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 50(3-4), 913-919 (2012).