Active • Host: E. coli • AA: 2-663 (full length) • Tag: N-terminal His • MW: 75.74 kDa
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PAD4 (L117M mutant; human, recombinant)

Item No. 44266

Product Insert (PDF)
Technical Information
Synonyms
  • PADI4 rs1748033
  • PADI5 (L117M)
  • Protein Arginine Deiminase Type 4 (L117M)
  • Protein Arginine Deiminase Type IV (L117M)
Purity
≥80% estimated by SDS-PAGE
Source
Active recombinant human N-terminal His-tagged PAD4(L117M) expressed in E. coli
Amino Acids
2-663
MW
75.74 kDa
Formulation (Request formulation change)
50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, with 300 mM sodium chloride, 1 mM DTT, and 10% glycerol
UniProt Accession №
Q9UM07
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-80°C
Shipping
Dry ice in continental US; may vary elsewhere
Certificates of Analysis & Batch Specific Data

Provide batch numbers separated by commas to download or request available product inserts, QC sheets, certificates of analysis, data packs, and GC-MS data.

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    20 µg

    $160

    Add

    100 µg

    $440

    Add
    NET Formation Screening & Analysis Services
    Our experts are here to help.
    • Detection of NET formation ex vivo and screening for modulators using:
      • High-content imaging
      • Enzymatic detection
      • Citrullination/carbamylation detection
    • Experienced scientists skilled in neutrophil biology, isolation, and handling
    LEARN MORE
    Product Description

    Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) catalyzes the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline within cellular protein substrates, resulting in the loss of a positive charge, which can alter protein structure and/or function.1 It is expressed in neutrophils, as well as a variety of tissues, including the brain, liver, lung, and kidney.1,2,3 PAD4 has a key role in NETosis, a lytic form of cell death characterized by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).1 Upon neutrophil activation, PAD4 translocates to the nucleus where it citrullinates histones, initiating chromatin decondensation and the release of NETs.2,4,5 A missense mutation in PADI4 leading to a leucine-to-methionine mutation at position 117 (PAD4L117M) is associated with increased susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.6,7,8 Cayman’s PAD4 (L117M mutant; human, recombinant) protein can be used for enzyme activity assay and Western blot (WB) applications.

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. van Beers, J.J.B.C., Zendman, A.J.W., Raijmakers, R., et al. Peptidylarginine deiminase expression and activity in PAD2 knock-out and PAD4-low mice. Biochimie 95(2), 299-308 (2013).

    2. Demers, M., Wong, S.L., Martinod, K., et al. Priming of neutrophils toward NETosis promotes tumor growth. Oncoimmunology 5(5), e1134073 (2016).

    3. Jones, J.E., Causey, C.P., Knuckley, B., et al. Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4): Current understanding and future therapeutic potential. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. 12(5), 616-627 (2009).

    4. Li, P., Li, M., Lindberg, M.R., et al. PAD4 is essential for antibacterial innate immunity mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps. J. Exp. Med. 207(9), 1853-1862 (2010).

    5. Thiam, H.R., Wong, S.L., Qiu, R., et al. NETosis proceeds by cytoskeleton and endomembrane disassembly and PAD4-mediated chromatin decondensation and nuclear envelope rupture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117(13), 7326-7337 (2020).

    6. Santhiya, P., Tharan, S.B., Govindaraju, K., et al. Deciphering the pathogenicity of PADI4 missense variant L117M in rheumatoid arthritis: An integrated in silico and gene expression study. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 319(Pt 3), 145466 (2025).

    7. Bashir, K., Chaudhary, A., Aslam, M., et al. Polymorphic analysis of genes PADI4 (rs2240340, rs1748033) and HLA-DRB1 (rs2395175) in arthritis patients in Pakistani population. Biochem. Genet. 62(3), 1840-1856 (2024).

    8. Bagheri-Hosseinabadi, Z., Mirzaei, M.R., Esmaeili, O., et al. Implications of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 gene transcription and polymorphisms in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in an Iranian population. BMC Med. Genomics 16(1), 104 (2023).