HSA-Palmitate Saturated Fatty Acid Complex (5 mM)

HSA-Palmitate Saturated Fatty Acid Complex (5 mM) is composed of palmitic acid (Item Nos. 10006627 | 43561 ) and fatty acid-free human serum albumin (HSA) at an approximately 6:1 molar ratio of palmitate:HSA. It can be used for efficient fatty acid delivery to cells in culture for the purpose of monitoring lipid metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation, and inflammatory signaling pathways, such as in studies of obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance.^1,2,3 It can also be used to study the effect of long-chain fatty acid uptake on gene and protein expression, lipid droplet formation, hepatocyte lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress.^4,5,6 In addition, HSA-palmitate complexes can be used as delivery systems for anticancer compounds.⁷ Cayman’s HSA-Palmitate Saturated Fatty Acid Complex (5 mM) is suitable for use in short-term cell culture applications (acute treatment to 18 hours); however, for long-term applications (25+ hours) the product should be filter-sterilized using a 0.2 µm filter and sterile receptacle, which will not affect its performance. This product can be used to achieve higher concentrations or perform larger experiments than can be achieved with HSA-Palmitate Saturated Fatty Acid Complex (1 mM) (Item No. 43472 ). For best results, it is recommended that this product be used in conjunction with Cayman’s HSA Control for HSA-Fatty Acid Complexes (5 mM) (Item No. 45019 ), prepared with fatty acid-free HSA.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Alsabeeh, N., Chausse, B., Kakimoto, P.A., et al. Cell culture models of fatty acid overload: Problems and solutions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1863(2), 143-151 (2018).

2. Wang, D., Green, M.F., McDonnell, E., et al. Oxygen flux analysis to understand the biological function of sirtuins. Methods Mol. Biol. 1077, 241-258 (2013).

3. Radin, M.S., Sinha, S., Bhatt, B.A., et al. Inhibition or deletion of the lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor-4 confers partial protection against lipid-induced insulin resistance in rodent skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 51(2), 336-346 (2008).

4. Muthusamy, G., Liu, C.-C., and Johnston, A.N. Deletion of PGAM5 downregulates FABP1 and attenuates long-chain fatty acid uptake in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 15(19), 4796 (2023).

5. Das, S., Finney, A.C., Anand, S.K., et al. Inhibition of hepatic oxalate overproduction ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Nat. Metab. 6(10), 1939-1962 (2024).

6. Guilfoyle-Speese, A., Patel, K., Ghanwat, A.H., et al. Short-chain fatty acids and palmitate induce distinct metabolic and phenotypic signatures in normal and ischemic skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. Cells 15(6), 493 (2026).

7. Li, S., Wang, X., Jiang, M., et al. Developing a multitargeted anticancer Bi-Copper(II)-centered thiocarbohydrazone agent based on Lys-199 and His-242 residues in the IIA subdomain of human serum albumin. J. Med. Chem. 69(7), 8599-8613 (2026).