4-hydroxy Nonenal Monoclonal Antibody (HNEJ-1/Clone IG10) - HRP Conjugated

4-hydroxy Nonenal (4-HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product that reacts with lysine, cysteine, or histidine residues in proteins.¹ It is found in all tissues and serum, and the formation of 4-HNE-modified proteins is associated with oxidative stress. 4-HNE can ligate to and inactivate cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of cell proliferation and differentiation, increased intracellular calcium levels and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. 4-HNE levels are negatively regulated by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and aldo-keto reductases (AKRs). Increased levels of 4-HNE protein adducts are found at the cell membrane, in the mitochondria, and in the cytosol during ferroptosis in vitro.² 4-HNE reduces mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential, as well as increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in vitro.³ 4-HNE protein adducts increase in an age-related manner in the kidney, spleen, ovary, and uterus, but not the liver, in rats.² 4-HNE protein adducts are increased and GST levels are decreased in the brain of older mice in a Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, and increased levels of 4-HNE-modified proteins, including manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), α-enolase, and malate dehydrogenase, are found in the inferior parietal lobule in postmortem brain from patients with early Alzheimer's disease.^4,5 HNEJ-1 has high affinity for 4-HNE modifications at lysine, cysteine, or histidine residues, whereas HNEJ-2-5 have varying affinities for lysine and cysteine adducts.⁶ Cayman’s 4-hydroxy Nonenal Monoclonal Antibody (HNEJ-1/Clone IG10) - HRP Conjugated can be used for Western blot (WB) applications.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Breitzig, M., Bhimineni, C., Lockey, R., et al. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal: A critical target in oxidative stress? Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 311(4), C537-C543 (2016).

2. Zheng, H., Jiang, L., Tsuduki, T., et al. Embryonal erythropoiesis and aging exploit ferroptosis. Redox Biol. 48, 102175 (2021).

3. Galam, L., Failla, A., Soundararajan, R., et al. 4-hydroxynonenal regulates mitochondrial function in human small airway epithelial cells. Oncotarget 6(39), 41508-41521 (2015).

4. Benedetti, E., D-Angelo, B., Cristiano, L., et al. Involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPAR β/δ) in BDNF signaling during aging and in Alzheimer disease: Possible role of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Cell Cycle 13(8), 1335-1344 (2014).

5. Reed, T.T., Pierce, W.M., Markesbery, W.R., et al. Proteomic identification of HNE-bound proteins in early Alzheimer disease: Insights into the role of lipid peroxidation in the progression of AD. Brain Res. 1274, 66-76 (2009).

6. Ozeki, M., Miyagawa-Hayashino, A., Akatsuka, S., et al. Susceptibility of actin to modification by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 827(1), 119-126 (2005).