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TH9619 is an inhibitor of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1), MTHFD2, and MTHFD2L (IC50s = 16, 47, and 47 nM, respectively), enzymes often overexpressed in cancer.1 It inhibits nuclear MTHFD2 and cytoplasmic MTHFD1 but not mitochondrial MTHFD2, leading to an increase in 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (10-CHO-THF), thymidylate depletion, and cell death.2 It is selective for MTHFD1 and MTHFD2 over a panel of 44 kinases at 12 µM and reduces proliferation in a panel of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, including HL-60 and THP-1 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. TH9619 (50 nM) impairs DNA replication in HL-60 and THP-1 cells but not non-tumorigenic LCL-534 and LCL-889 lymphocytes. It increases survival in an HL-60 mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg twice per day in combination with a low-folate diet.
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1. Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress. Nat. Cancer 3(2), 156-172 (2022).
2. Formate overflow drives toxic folate trapping in MTHFD1 inhibited cancer cells. Nat. Metab. 5(4), 642-659 (2023).