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Prothioconazole (PTCZ) is a triazole fungicide.1 It is an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP51, also known as sterol 14α-demethylase. PTCZ (10 mg/kg of media) inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis and reduces deoxynivalenol biosynthesis in F. graminearum, the causative agent of Fusarium head blight, with a greater effect for (R)-PTCZ compared with (S)-PTCZ. It reduces mycelial growth of 252 strains of F. graminearum (EC50s = 0.4742-3.4403 µg/ml). PTCZ reduces the survival rate and induces malformations in zebrafish larvae at 0.35 µg/L, but does so to a lesser extent than (S)-(+)-PTCZ.2 It also reduces egg production in zebrafish. PTCZ (30 mg/kg per day) reduces hepatic glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and increases hepatic TNF-α and IL-1β levels in mice.3 Formulations containing PTCZ have been used as fungicides in agriculture.
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1. Stereoselective bioactivity of the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole and its metabolite. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 160, 112-118 (2019).
2. Stereoselective reproductive and intergenerational toxicity of prothioconazole in female zebrafish: Concurrent ovarian cytotoxicity and endocrine disruption. J. Agric. Food Chem. 74(29), 22708-22722 (2026).
3. Exposure to the fungicide prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-