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A. mellifera bee venom contains a variety of venom toxins, as well as proteins involved in antioxidant systems, protein folding, transport, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism.1 Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) (Type III), also known as bee venom PLA2 (bv-PLA2), comprises 10-12% of crude bee venom dry weight and is the major bee venom toxin responsible for anaphylaxis.2 However, bee venom and bv-PLA2 also have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in rodent models.2,3
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1. Proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom collected from electrical stimulation and manual extraction of the venom gland. BMC Genomics 14, 766 (2013).
2. Bee venom phospholipase A2: Yesterday’s enemy becomes today’s friend. Toxins (Basel) 8(2), 48 (2016).
3. Bee venom therapy: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Toxicon 148, 64-73 (2018).