iNOS (mouse, recombinant)

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), also known as NOS2, converts arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide (NO) during the inflammatory response.^1,2 It is composed of an N-terminal oxygenase domain that contains binding sites for its substrate L-arginine (Item No. 23703), heme, and the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄), a hinge region that binds calmodulin, and a reductase domain with binding sites for NADPH, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and FAD. Upon induction by various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, or by LPS, iNOS is expressed in macrophages, hepatocytes, smooth muscle cells, chondrocytes, glial cells, astrocytes, neurons, and cardiac myocytes.² iNOS expression is induced via two main signaling pathways: NF-κB and JAK/STAT. It is involved in pathogen defense against bacteria, parasites, and viruses and its expression is associated with several disease states, including sepsis, cancer, pain, and Parkinson’s disease.^2,3,4,5,6 Cayman’s iNOS (mouse, recombinant) protein can be used for enzyme activity assays and Western blot (WB) applications.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Alderton, W.K., Cooper, C.E., and Knowles, R.G. Nitric oxide synthases: Structure, function, and inhibition. Biochem. J. 357(Pt 3), 593-615 (2001).

2. Cinelli, M.A., Do, H.T., Miley, G.P., et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Regulation, structure, and inhibition. Med. Res. Rev. 40(1), 158-189 (2020).

3. Lanone, S., Manivet, P., Callebert, J., et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expressed in septic patients is nitrated on selected tyrosine residues: Implications for enzymic activity. Biochem. J. 366(Pt 2), 399-404 (2002).

4. Ambs, S., Merriam, W.G., Bennett, W.P., et al. Frequent nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in human colon adenomas: Implication for tumor angiogenesis and colon cancer progression. Cancer Res. 58(2), 334-341 (1998).

5. Budziñski, M., Misterek, K., Gumulka, W., et al. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in persistent pain. Life Sci. 66(4), 301-305 (2000).

6. Liberatore, G.T., Jackson-Lewis, V., Vukosavic, S., et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease. Nat. Med. 5(12), 1403-1409 (1999).

Diotallevi, M., Outeiral, C., Patel, P., et al. iNOS modulates inflammatory responses in an NO-independent manner through direct interaction with IRG1 in mitochondria. Nat. Metab. 8(4), 855-868 (2026).