CDDO

CDDO is a synthetic oleanane triterpenoid that blocks the cellular synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase and inducible COX-2 in INF-γ-activated mouse macrophages with an IC₅₀ value of 0.4 nM.¹ By suppressing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) formation, it promotes the cellular control of ROS/RNS levels that would lead to DNA damage associated with tumorigenesis.² In various cancer cell lines, CDDO has been shown to specifically inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis.² Mechanism studies revealed that CDDO is a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and also that it induces genes regulated by Nrf2, including heme oxygenase-1 and eotaxin-1, which play a role in antioxidant response element signaling activity.^3,4,5

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Honda, T., Rounds, B.V., Gribble, G.W., et al. Design and synthesis of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid, a novel and highly active inhibitor of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8, 2711-2714 (1998).

2. Suh, N., Wang, Y., Honda, T., et al. A novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid, with potent differentiating, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activity. Cancer Res. 59, 336-341 (1999).

3. Ferguson, H.E., Kulkarni, A., Lehmann, G.M., et al. Electrophilic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligands have potent antifibrotic effects in human lung fibroblasts. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 41, 722-730 (2009).

4. Liby, K., Hock, T., Yore, M.M., et al. The synthetic triterpenoids, CDDO and CDDO-imidazolide, are potent inducers of heme oxygenase-1 and Nrf2/ARE signaling. Cancer Res. 65(11), 4789-4798 (2005).

5. Fourtounis, J., Wang, I.M., Mathieu, M.C., et al. Gene expression profiling following NRF2 and KEAP1 siRNA knockdown in human lung fibroblasts identifies CCL11/Eotaxin-1 as a novel NRF2 regulated gene. Respir. Res. 13(1), (2012).