A cell-permeable fluorogenic probe used as an indicator of intracellular peroxynitrite formation
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Dihydrorhodamine 123

Item No. 85100

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
2-(3,6-diamino-9H-xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid, methyl ester
CAS Number
109244-58-8
Synonyms
  • DHR 123
Molecular Formula
C21H18N2O3
Formula Weight
346.4
Purity
≥98%
Emission
536 nm
Excitation
500 nm
Formulation (Request formulation change)
A crystalline solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
0.1 M HCl: 10 mg/mlDMF: 10 mg/mlDMSO: 10 mg/mlEthanol: 10 mg/ml
λmax
223, 289 nm
SMILES
COC(=O)c1ccccc1C1c2ccc(N)cc2Oc2cc(N)ccc12
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C21H18N2O3/c1-25-21(24)15-5-3-2-4-14(15)20-16-8-6-12(22)10-18(16)26-19-11-13(23)7-9-17(19)20/h2-11,20H,22-23H2,1H3
InChi Key
FNEZBBILNYNQGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    1 mg

    $41

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    5 mg

    $108

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    10 mg

    $196

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    25 mg

    $437

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    Product Description

    DHR is a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe that is used as an indicator of intracellular peroxynitrite formation.1 It is oxidized by peroxynitrite to the highly fluorescent product rhodamine in vitro. Neither nitric oxide, superoxide, nor hydrogen peroxide alone appear to oxidize DHR.1 Formation of rhodamine can be monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy using excitation and emission wavelengths of 500 and 536 nm, respectively, or by absorbance spectroscopy at 500 nm (ε = 78,800 M−1cm−1).2,3,1 DHR has been used to investigate reactive oxygen intermediates produced by endothelial cells, eosinophils, and reactive microglia.4,5,6

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Crow, J.P. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are sensitive indicators of peroxynitrite in vitro: Implications for intracellular measurement of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Nitric Oxide 1(2), 145-157 (1997).

    2. Briviba, K., Roussyn, I., Sharov, V.S., et al. Attenuation of oxidation and nitration reactions of peroxynitrite by selenomethionine, selenocystine and ebselen. Biochem. J. 319, 13-15 (1996).

    3. Sies, H., Sharov, V.S., Klotz, L.O., et al. Glutathione peroxidase protects against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidations. A new function for selenoproteins as peroxynitrite reductase. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 272, 27812-27817 (1997).

    4. Handa, O., Stephen, J., and Cepinskas, G. Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in activation and dysfunction of cerebrovascular endothelial cells during early onsets of sepsis. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 295, H1712-1719 (2008).

    5. Lacy, P., Latif, D.A., Steward, M., et al. Divergence of mechanisms regulating respiratory burst in blood and sputum eosinophils and neutophils from atopic subjects. J. Immunol. 170, 2670-2679 (2003).

    6. Li, J., Baud, O., Volpe, J.J., et al. Peroxynitrite generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase mediates microglial toxicity to oligodendrocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102(28), 9936-9941 (2005).