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Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that binds to the estrogen receptor with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM.1 It exhibits estrogenic activity in bone cells without stimulating breast or uterine tissues.2 Raloxifene guards endothelial cells obtained from rat aortic rings against oxidative insult (1 µM) and lowers serum cholesterol in ovariectomized rodents (ED50 = 0.2 mg/kg).2,3 Raloxifene also inhibits the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv4.3 in an estrogen-independent manner (IC50 = 2 µM).4 Formulations containing raloxifene have been shown to reduce bone resorption and promote bone formation in post-menopausal women.5
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1. Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation: Potential role of UGT1A8 genotype on raloxifene metabolism in vivo. Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.) 6(7), 719-730 (2013).
2. Raloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats. J. Clin. Invest. 93(1), 63-69 (1994).
3. Raloxifene protects endothelial cell function against oxidative stress. Br. J. Pharmac. 155(3), 326-334 (2008).
4. Raloxifene inhibits cloned Kv4.3 channels in an estrogen receptor-
5. Influence of the selective oestrogen receptor modulator (raloxifene hydrochloride) on IL-