Prolyl-glycyl-proline Peptide

Proline-glycine-proline (PGP) is a tripeptide molecule and an established biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF).¹ PGP functions as a neutrophil chemoattractant and is derived from the proteolytic cleavage of collagen in the extracellular matrix by a multistep cascade. First, the matrix metalloproteases MMP-8 or MMP-9 cleave collagen to peptides 30-100 amino acids in length. Prolyl endopeptidase further cleaves the collagen fragments to PGP. PGP and the related peptide N-acetylated PGP (Item No. 11189) act through chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 on neutrophil cells.² Patients with cystic fibrosis have been shown to have elevated levels of PGP peptides in sputum.¹ PGP, but not N-acetylated PGP, has been demonstrated to be a substrate for the pro-inflammatory enzyme LTA₄ hydrolase.³

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. O'Reilly, P., Jackson, P.L., Noerager, B., et al. N-α-PGP and PGP, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COPD. Respir. Res. 10, 1-8 (2009).

2. Weathington, N.M., van Houwelingen, A.H., Noerager, B.D., et al. A novel peptide CXCR ligand derived from extracellular matrix degradation during airway inflammation. Nat. Med. 12(3), 317-323 (2006).

3. Snelgrove, R.J., Jackson, P.L., Hardison, M.T., et al. A critical role for LTA₄H in limiting chronic pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. Science 330, 90-94 (2010).