Sodium Butyrate

Sodium butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid.¹ It is produced predominately by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the colon but has also been identified in mammalian milk.^1,2 Sodium butyrate is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC; IC₅₀ = 90 µM in a cell-free assay).³ It induces differentiation, cell cycle arrest at the G₀ phase, and apoptosis, as well as inhibits proliferation, in a variety of cancer cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 100 mM.^2,4,5,6 Sodium butyrate decreases the expression of IFN-γ-related signaling genes and metastatic genes in H460 human lung cancer cells when used at a concentration of 2 mM.⁵ It reduces tumor growth in a CaSki mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 200 and 800 mg/kg per day.⁴ Sodium butyrate also reduces increases in colonic TNFa and Il6 expression and decreases colonic goblet cell depletion, tissue damage, muscle thickening, and cellular infiltration in a wild-type, but not Hcar2^-/-, mouse model of TNBS-induced colitis.⁷ This product is also available as part of Cayman's Hepatocyte Differentiation Reagent Kit (Item No. 44737).

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Wang, M., Wichienchot, S., He, X., et al. In vitro colonic fermentation of dietary fibers: Fermentation rate, short-chain fatty acid production and changes in microbiota. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 88(1), 1-9 (2019).

2. Smith, J.G., Yokoyama, W.H., and German, J.B. Butyric acid from the diet: Actions at the level of gene expression. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 38(4), 259-297 (1998).

3. Waldecker, M., Kautenburger, T., Daumann, H., et al. Inhibition of histone-deacetylase activity by short-chain fatty acids and some polyphenol metabolites formed in the colon. J. Nutr. Biochem. 19(9), 587-593 (2008).

4. Decrion-Barthod, A.-Z., Bosset, M., Plissonnier, M.-L., et al. Sodium butyrate with UCN-01 has marked antitumour activity against cervical cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 30(10), 4049-4061 (2010).

5. Joseph, J., Mudduluru, G., Antony, S., et al. Expression profiling of sodium butyrate (NaB)-treated cells: identification of regulation of genes related to cytokine signaling and cancer metastasis by NaB. Oncogene 23(37), 6304-6315 (2004).

6. Chabanas, A., Khoury, E., Goeltz, P., et al. Effects of butyric acid on cell cycle regulation and induction of histone Hl° in mouse cells and tissue culture inducibility of Hl° in the late S-G₂ phase of the cell cycle. J. Mol. Biol. 183(2), 141-151 (1985).

7. Chen, G., Ran, X., Li, B., et al. Sodium butyrate inhibits inflammation and maintains epithelium barrier integrity in a TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease mice model. EBioMedicine 30(1), 317-325 (2018).