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Vandetanib is a multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGFR2, VEGFR3, VEGFR1, EGFR, PDGFRβ, Tie-2, and FGFR1 in cell-free assays (IC50s = 40, 110, 1,600, 500, 1,100, 2,500, and 3,600 nM, respectively).1,2 It also binds to 142 additional kinases in a panel of 442 kinases (Kds = 4.6-7,900 nM). Vandetanib (1 and 2.5 µM) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in GEO colon and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells.3 It inhibits proliferation of HAK1-B, KYN-2, and Huh7 hepatocarcinoma cells, as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with IC50 values of 10, 8.1, 9.4, and 7.1 µM, respectively.4 Vandetanib (200 mg/kg) increases survival and decreases tumor angiogenesis and VEGFR2 levels in a D54MG glioblastoma mouse xenograft model.5 It reduces tumor growth in a variety of mouse xenograft models, including lung, colon, and breast cancer models, when administered at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg per day.1 Formulations containing vandetanib have been used in the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer.
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1. ZD6474 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor growth following oral administration. Cancer Res. 62(16), 4645-4655 (2002).
2. Comprehensive analysis of kinase inhibitor selectivity. Nat. Biotechnol. 29(11), 1046-1051 (2011).
3. Antitumor effects of ZD6474, a small molecule vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with additional activity against epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Clin. Cancer Res. 9(4), 1546-1556 (2003).
4. Vandetanib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptor-
5. ZD6474, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibits tumor growth of multiple nervous system tumors. Clin. Cancer Res. 11(22), 8145-8157 (2005).