Niclosamide (ethanolamine salt)

Niclosamide is a molluscicide.¹ It is toxic to H. trivolvis snail eggs, juveniles, and adults (LC₅₀s = 0.035, 0.044, and 0.11 mg/kg, respectively), as well as rainbow trout, white sucker, and fathead minnow (LC₅₀s = 0.03, 0.09, and 0.11 mg/L, respectively).^1,2 Niclosamide induces cell cycle arrest at the G₀/G₁ phase and induces apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner.³ It inhibits STAT3-induced gene expression in a reporter assay using HeLa human cervical cancer cells when used at a concentration of 5 µM. Niclosamide (1 µM) uncouples mitochondria from respiration and increases the oxygen consumption rate of NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts.⁴ Dietary administration of niclosamide (1,500 ppm) reduces blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, as well as decreases liver weight and triglyceride levels, in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced diabetes.⁴ Formulations containing niclosamide have been used in the control of molluscs in aquatic settings.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Tchounwou, P.B., Englande, A.J., Jr., and Malek, E.A. Toxicity evaluation of Bayluscide^® and malathion to three developmental stages of freshwater snails. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 21(3), 351-358 (1991).

2. Marking, L.L., and Bills, T.D. Effects of contaminants on toxicity of the lampricides TFM and Bayer 73 to three species of fish. J. Great Lakes Res. 11(2), 171-178 (1985).

3. Ren, X., Duan, L., He, Q., et al. Identification of niclosamide as a new small-molecule inhibitor of the STAT3 signaling pathway. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 1(9), 454-459 (2010).

4. Tao, H., Zhang, Y., Zeng, X., et al. Niclosamide ethanolamine-induced mild mitochondrial uncoupling improves diabetic symptoms in mice. Nat. Med. 20(11), 1263-1269 (2014).