A metabolite of choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine
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Labeled Version(s)
31449Trimethylamine-d9 N-oxide
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Trimethylamine N-oxide (hydrate)

Item No. 17354

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
N,N-dimethyl-methanamine, N-oxide, hydrate
Synonyms
  • TMAO
Molecular Formula
C3H9NO • XH2O
Formula Weight
75.1
Purity
≥95%
Formulation (Request formulation change)
A crystalline solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
DMF: 1 mg/mlDMSO: 1 mg/mlEthanol: 25 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml
SMILES
C[N+]([O-])(C)C.O
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C3H9NO.H2O/c1-4(2,3)5;/h1-3H3;1H2
InChi Key
GYFWCKUYWWTXCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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Certificates of Analysis & Batch Specific Data

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    500 mg

    $36

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    1 g

    $49

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    5 g

    $169

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    Product Description

    Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite of choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine (Item No. 21489).1 It is formed by gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine to TMA followed by oxidation of TMA by flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the liver.1,2,3 Dietary administration of TMAO (0.12% w/w) increases renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, collagen deposition, and Smad3 phosphorylation in mice and increases aortic lesion area in atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-/- mice.1,4 Plasma levels of TMAO are elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease and decreased in patients with active, compared with inactive, ulcerative colitis.1,2 Elevated plasma levels of TMAO are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.4

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Tang, W.H.W., Wang, Z., Kennedy, D.J., et al. Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway contributes to both development of renal insufficiency and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease. Circ. Res. 116(3), 448-455 (2015).

    2. Wilson, A., Teft, W.A., Morse, B.L., et al. Trimethylamine-N-oxide: A novel biomarker for the identification of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. 60(12), 3620-3630 (2015).

    3. Zhang, L.S., and Davies, S.S. Microbial metabolism of dietary components to bioactive metabolites: Opportunities for new therapeutic interventions. Genome Med. 8(1), 46 (2016).

    4. Wang, Z., Klipfell, E., Bennett, B.J., et al. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature 472(7341), 57-63 (2011).