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SMER28 is a small-molecule enhancer (SMER) of autophagy that increases autophagosome synthesis and enhances clearance of aggregate-prone substrates, including those relevant to Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases.1,2,3 SMER28 induces clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and the amyloid precursor protein c-terminal fragment (APP-CTF) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from wild-type, but not autophagy-related protein 5 knockout (Atg5-/-), mouse embryos in a concentration-dependent manner.4 It induces autophagy independently of rapamycin (Item No. 13346) in mammalian cells at a concentration of 47 µM.1 SMER28 also promotes reprogramming of fibroblasts into neural stem cells when used in combination with other chemical reagents.5
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1. Small molecules enhance autophagy and reduce toxicity in Huntington’s disease models. Nat. Chem. Biol. 3(6), 331-338 (2007).
2. Chemical inducers of autophagy that enhance the clearance of mutant proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 285(15), 11061-11067 (2010).
3. Novel cell-
4. A small-
5. Pharmacological reprogramming of fibroblasts into neural stem cells by signaling-