Syringic Acid

Syringic acid is a naturally occurring O-methylated phenolic acid that can be enzymatically degraded by some bacteria as a source of methane or methanol.¹ It is also a component of phenolic extracts from various plants that have antioxidant and prooxidant activities.² Syringic acid has been shown to inhibit aldose reductase (IC₅₀ = 213 µg/ml), proteasome activity, and cancer cell proliferation.^3,4 Phenolic extracts containing syringic acid have been shown to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities and reduce lipid peroxidation in vitro.⁵

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1. Hara, H., Masai, E., Katayama, Y., et al. The 4-oxalomesaconate hydratase gene, involved in the protocatechuate 4,5-cleavage pathway, is essential to vanillate and syringate degradation in Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6. J. Bacteriol. 182(24), 6950-6957 (2000).

2. Cotoras, M., Vivanco, H., Melo, R., et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antioxidant and prooxidant activity of phenolic compounds obtained from grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace. Molecules 19(12), 21154-21167 (2014).

3. Wei, X., Chen, D., Yi, Y., et al. Syringic acid extracted from Herba dendrobii prevents diabetic cataract pathogenesis by inhibiting aldose reductase activity. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012:426537, (2012).

4. Orabi, K.Y., Abazar, M.S., El Sayed, K.A., et al. Selective growth inhibition of human malignant melanoma cells by syringic acid-derived proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Cell Int. 13(1), (2013).

5. Oboh, G., Isaac, A.T., Akinyemi, A.J., et al. Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in rats' pancreas by phenolic extracts of avocado pear leaves and fruit. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. 10(3), 208-216 (2014).