Annexin A1 (human, recombinant)

Annexin A1 is an endogenous mediator of inflammation, promoting resolution in a number of ways. Normally expressed in intracellular compartments, it is drawn to the cell membrane and both induced and externalized by glucocorticoid response pathways.^1,2 The glucocorticoid-induced production and release of annexin A1 is the primary means by which glucocorticoids function as anti-inflammatory agents. Annexin A1 inhibits the synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids by suppressing the function of sPLA₂. This, in turn, limits the recruitment of neutrophils into inflammatory sites and downregulates the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by those neutrophils that enter inflammatory sites.³ Meanwhile, proteolytic fragments generated in response to increased expression are implicated in producing a marker for phagocytosis.⁴ Annexin A1 also functions in the resolution of inflammation by inducing neutrophil apoptosis, and promoting neutrophil clearance (efferocytosis) by macrophages. The pro-resolving functions of annexin A1 are mediated via binding to FPR2/ALX, a receptor it shares with the specific pro-resolving mediators lipoxin A₄ (Item No. 90410) and resolvin D1 (Item No. 10012554).³ The molecule’s regulatory role has led to investigation of the downstream effects of annexin A1, including cancer, adaptive immunity, and wound repair.^5,6,7

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Damazo, A.S., Yona, S., Flower, R.J., et al. Spatial and temporal profiles for anti-inflammatory gene expression in leukocytes during a resolving model of peritonitis. J. Immunol. 176(7), 4410-4418 (2006).

2. Perretti, M., Croxtall, J.D., Wheller, S.K., et al. Mobilizing lipocortin 1 in adherent human leukocytes downregulates their transmigration. Nat. Med. 2(11), 1259-1262 (1996).

3. Sugimoto, M.A., Vago, J.P., Teixeira, M.M., et al. Annexin A₁ and the resolution of inflammation: Modulation of neutrophil recruitment, apoptosis, and clearance. J. Immunol. Res. 8239258 (2016).

4. Christmas, P., Callaway, J.C., Fallon, J., et al. Selective secretion of annexin 1, a protein without a signal sequence, by the human prostate gland. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 266(4), 2499-2507 (1991).

5. Boudhraa, Z., Bouchon, B., Viallard, C., et al. Annexin A₁ localization and its relevance to cancer. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 130(4), 205-220 (2016).

6. D'Acquisto, F., Merghani, A., Lecona, E., et al. Annexin-1 modulates T-cell activation and differentiation. Blood 109(3), 1095-1102 (2007).

7. Leoni, G., Neumann, P.A., Kamaly, N., et al. Annexin A₁-containing extracellular vesicles and polymeric nanoparticles promote epithelial wound repair. J. Clin. Invest. 125(3), 1215-1227 (2015).