Methyl Gallate

Methyl gallate is a phenol that has been found in Meliaceae and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It reduces adipogenic hormonal stimulation-induced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells when used at a concentration of 50 µM.¹ Methyl gallate is active against V. cholerae in vitro (MIC = 32 µg/ml) and reduces V. cholerae-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice when administered at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg.² It reduces tumor growth and decreases the number of intratumor CD25⁺Foxp3^high regulatory T cells (Tregs) in an EL-4 model of murine lymphoma.³ Methyl gallate (0.7, 7, and 70 mg/kg) reduces knee joint edema and leukocyte, neutrophil, and mononuclear cell infiltration in a mouse model of zymosan-induced arthritis.⁴

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1. Jeon, M.J., Rahman, N., and Kim, Y.-S. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a distinct role in methyl gallate-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 479(1), 22-27 (2016).

2. Bag, P.K., Roy, N., Acharyya, S., et al. In vivo fluid accumulation-inhibitory, anticolonization and anti-inflammatory and in vitro biofilm-inhibitory activities of methyl gallate isolated from Terminalia chebula against fluoroquinolones resistant Vibrio cholerae. Microb. Pathog. 128, 41-46 (2019).

3. Lee, H., Lee, H., Kwon, Y., et al. Methyl gallate exhibits potent antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor infiltration of CD4⁺CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Immunol. 185(11), 6698-6705 (2010).

4. Correa, L.B., Pádua, T.A., Seito, L.N., et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of methyl gallate on experimental arthritis: Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment, production of inflammatory mediators, and activation of macrophages. J. Nat. Prod. 79(6), 1554-1566 (2016).