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Explore additional resources to study natural toxins, pollutants including PFAS and 6-PPD-Q, and their biological effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY TOOLS & SERVICESHelvolic acid is a mycotoxin originally isolated from A. fumigatus that has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.1,2 At 4-16 mg/L, it acted synergistically with erythromycin (500-2,000 mg/L) in vitro on five multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus.3 At 10 mg/kg/d, it reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival synergistically with cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg/d) in a mouse model of sarcoma but had no effect when administered alone.4
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1. Helvolic acid, an antibiotic produced by Apergillus funigatus, mut. helvola Yuill. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 24(3), 108-119 (1943).
2. Helvolic acid, an antibacterial nortriterpenoid from a fungal endophyte, Xylaria sp. of orchid Anoectochilus setaceus endemic to Sri Lanka. Mycology 5(1), 23-28 (2014).
3. In vitro synergistic antibacterial activities of helvolic acid on multi-
4. Synergistic antitumor efficacy of antibacterial helvolic acid from Cordyceps taii and cyclophosphamide in a tumor mouse model. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 242(2), 214-222 (2017).