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APY-29 is a modulator of inositol requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α), which is a protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane that has kinase and RNase activities triggered by ER stress.1 It binds to the ATP-binding site on IRE1α, where it inhibits its autophosphorylation (IC50 = 280 nM) and enhances its RNase function (EC50 = 460 nM). In vitro, it restores the ability of dephosphoylated IRE1α to cleave XBP1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. It also enhances IRE1α oligomerization in a crosslinking assay.
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1. Divergent allosteric control of the IRE1α endoribonuclease using kinase inhibitors. Nat. Chem. Biol. 8(12), 982-989 (2012).