Difenoconazole

Difenoconazole is a triazole fungicide.¹ It is active against eight F. graminearum isolates (EC₅₀s = 1.69-19.6 mg/L) and A. sonali, F. fulva, B. cinerea, and R. solani (EC₅₀s = 0.131, 0.069, 0.297, and 0.252 mg/L, respectively).^1,2 Difenoconazole is active against A. caricae (EC₅₀ = 2 ppm) and reduces the number of leaf and fruit black spots, as well as decreases leaf drop, in papaya plants when applied thirteen times at a rate of 100 g/ha.³ It is lethal to water fleas (LC₅₀ = 0.298 µg/ml) and zebrafish embryos, larvae, and adults (LC₅₀s = 2.34, 1.17, and 1.45 mg/L, respectively).^2,4 Difenoconazole induces pericardial and yolk sac edema in zebrafish embryos, body blackening and slowed heart rate in larvae, and decreased body weight and length in adults in a concentration-dependent manner.⁴ Formulations containing difenoconazole have been used as fungicides in agriculture, as well as in commercial, industrial, and residential areas.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Rekanović, E., Mihajlović, M., and Potočnik, I. In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum (schwabe) to difenoconazole, prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl. Pestic. Phytomed. 25(4), 325–333 (2010).

2. Dong, F., Li, J., Chankvetadze, B., et al. Chiral triazole fungicide difenoconazole: Absolute stereochemistry, stereoselective bioactivity, aquatic toxicity, and environmental behavior in vegetables and soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47(7), 3386-3394 (2013).

3. Vawdrey, L.L., Grice, K.R.E., and Westerhuis, D. Field and laboratory evaluations of fungicides for the control of brown spot (Corynespora cassiicola) and black spot (Asperisporium caricae) of papaya in far north Queensland, Australia. Aus. Plant Path. 37(6), 552-558 (2008).

4. Mu, X., Pang, S., Sun, X., et al. Evaluation of acute and developmental effects of difenoconazole via multiple stage zebrafish assays. Environ. Pollut. 175(2013), 147-157 (2013).