Ginsenoside Rg₅

Ginsenoside Rg₅ is a ginsenoside originally isolated from P. ginseng that has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties.^1,2,3 It inhibits the growth of HeLa and MS751 cervical cancer cells (IC₅₀s = ~2.5-10 μM) and induces apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.¹ Ginsenoside Rg₅ (5 and 10 μM) inhibits LPS-induced increases in IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein levels in murine alveolar macrophages.² It also inhibits LPS-induced increases in the number of neutrophils and protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in lung in a mouse model of acute lung inflammation when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104), ginsenoside Rg₅ blocks STZ-induced increases in amyloid-β accumulation in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and prevents STZ-induced decreases in step through latency time in a passive avoidance foot-shock test in a dose-dependent manner.³

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1. Liang, L.-D., He, T., Du, T.-W., et al. Ginsenoside‑Rg5 induces apoptosis and DNA damage in human cervical cancer cells. Mol. Med. Rep. 11(2), 940-946 (2015).

2. Kim, T.-W., Joh, E.-H., Kim, B., et al. Ginsenoside Rg5 ameliorates lung inflammation in mice by inhibiting the binding of LPS to toll-like receptor-4 on macrophages. Int. Immunopharmacol. 12(1), 110-116 (2012).

3. Chu, S., Gu, J., Feng, L., et al. Ginsenoside Rg5 improves cognitive dysfunction and beta-amyloid deposition in STZ-induced memory impaired rats via attenuating neuroinflammatory responses. Int. Immunopharmacol. 19(2), 317-326 (2014).