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(–)-Rugulosin is a fungal metabolite that has been isolated from Penicillium species, including P. islandicum, which also produces the optical isomer and mycotoxin (+)-rugulosin (Item No. 23558).1 (–)-Rugulosin is 3-10-fold more cytotoxic to HeLa and L cells compared with (+)-rugulosin.2 It is protective against influenza in mice when administered via inhalation but not when administered intraperitoneally with 38.3 and 5% survival rates, respectively.3
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1. Isolation, structure, and HIV-
2. Comparison of cytotoxic effects of various anthraquinonoids on cultured mammalian cells. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 44(3), 249-255 (1974).
3. Antiinfluenzal effect of rugulosin. Jpn. J. Microbiol. 18(1), 1-7 (1974).